Deflection Limits Eng Tips Design Reinforced Masonry Structures

It is often appropriate to analyze some stories using the rigid diaphragm assumption and other stories using the semi-rigid assumption. Hidden surfaces are represented by short dashed lines.


www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHx_pohtObU Deflection Analysis of High Performance Exterior Wall Systems – Masonry Deflection Limits Eng Tips



The rigid diaphragm is a convenient analytical technique for distributing the lateral forces to the frames and walls; forces are distributed to those elements as a function of their relative stiffnesses and position.

Determination of these properties for diaphragms of other materials, such as roof diaphragms of metal decking without concrete fill or of plywood sheathing is not so straightforward, and can be rather laborious.

Note that a rather coarse mesh is generally adequate since the purpose of the analysis is to get the structural behavior or the diaphragm forces along a plane, rather than the highest localized diaphragm stresses.

The structure was analyzed several times, using a range of mesh sizes. In cases where the loading specs for fabricated wood trusses are not very detailed, there is a lot of room for interpretation. But the truss industry also made a concerted effort to minimize these loading differences. Construction joints are drawn using concrete object lines as shown. Water surfaces will be shown by broken or dashed lines as shown.

Design of Reinforced Masonry Structures Second Edition

Patterns representing the type of ground shall be placed under ground lines. Dimension lines shall be normal to extension lines whenever possible. Arrows placed inside the extension lines should have a minimum clearance of approximately one arrow length between each arrow. These veneer masonry units vary from a nominal 2-5/8 to 4 inches in thickness. Keep in mind a masonry joint is 3/8″ and they want to build those joints level. We look forward to hearing from you!

Is that enough information to specify a truss-to-wall connection?

Is there a stud below the truss that can be connected to, or is the stud offset?

and the shear loads acting parallel to the wall as a result of lateral loads applied to the end wall?

I figure some of you might appreciate some insight into the engineering that goes on behind those truss submittal packages. Some want to see snow load, but only the ground snow load. Jack trusses then connect to the hip girder truss or to a ledger attached to the hip girder truss. If you’re involved in the truss industry, there is no doubt you have. They are a series of responsibilities required by key parties for applications of trusses in the construction of a building. This 4 x (the nominal veneer thickness) product was also used to determine the effective length of masonry wall under concentrated loads in older versions of the masonry standard, and thus has been used to describe effective width of steel and masonry systems in the past.

Note that this analysis ignores any shear lag effects. Deflections of the angles are not limited, since these deflections will occur as the wall is being constructed. As these angle deflections occur primarily before the masonry sets up, they can usually be ignored. This configuration puts much lower load on the steel shelf angle than a uniform loading and, in the extreme case, will create an arch whose thrust will be balanced by masonry on each side and/or friction on the steel angle.

Sectional views through reinforcing steel shall be shown solid. Sectional views through structural steel shall be shown as parallel sloping line hatching. A loop may be used in showing breaks in round objects such as columns. Periods shall be used for the decimal marker of decimal numbers and preceded by zero for numbers less than one (0.254). Fractions used in notes and multiple-lined leader notes shall be written with regular text using a forward slash separating the numerator from the denominator and separated from whole numbers by a space (1 1/2).

Span (1-2) would define the span between the first and second bents. In dimensions, leader notes and tabulated data, unit symbols shall be used if available otherwise unit abbreviations shall be used. The hyphen is not required with unit symbols (6” lifts). Inches shall be reported in fractions not decimals (3/4 inch, not 0.75 inch; 2 1/2 inches, not 2.5 inches) except in the bill of reinforcing steel.

A zero is required in front of fractions when both foot and inch unit symbols are being used. Substructure layout for horizontally curved bridges shall be reported to the nearest 1/16 inch if necessary. Always use the symbol @ and the abbreviated cts. Show all reinforcement in sectional views. Report to the nearest foot for minimum tip penetration, pile cleanout penetration, maximum galvanized depth and estimated maximum scour depth. Abbreviations of units of measure are written without periods, with the exception of inches since it could be confused with the preposition. Units raised to a power should be reserved for tabulated data and leader notes. Present tense shall be used for all instructions, e.g. Leader notes and dimensions shall consist of sentence fragments. Use parentheses to divide separate multiple fragments, e.g. A one word noun used for voids formed into structural elements for a particular application (expansion device blockout, flange blockout) or used for a structural element placed in the void formed into another element (curb blockout).

Roadway traffic barrier consisting of heavy-gauge rolled steel beams mounted on strong posts. A noun used for one of the choices which can be made. Sway bracing shall not be shown at intermediate pile cap bents. The substructure shall be labeled and dimensioned as shown below. This occurs with all unsymmetrical roadways and occasionally symmetrical roadways with horizontally curved continuous prestressed bridges. For dual roadways/divided highways, the centerline of median shall be shown and specified and the perpendicular or radial offset from centerline of roadway shall be dimensioned.

When the profile grade is not along the centerline of roadway, but is along either the centerline of structure or median, the profile grade shall be added to the appropriate leader note.

This applies equally to coring locations. The dimensions from the centerline of roadway to each edge of the roadway shall be provided also. The dimensions need not be specified as radial for curved structures. Generally, the profile grade is at the centerline of roadway for two-way traffic bridges. Ways to use existing materials more effectively, explanations of the effect of one selection on another, discussions of new materials and current code and specification provisions are included.

Partition walls (not structural) 9. The construction of the mold shall simulate thein-situ construction. Form a space with a square cross-section,
3 in. The grout slump is maintained between 10 and 11 in. Otherwise, place grout in lifts not exceeding 5ft. Demonstration panel option may result in increases.

Reinforcing Structural Load Bearing Masonry Walls!

In this segment we cover how to reinforce a block masonry wall from the ground up, including reinforcing steal, grouting a block …