Force Simulation Masonry Out‐of‐plane Failure

This paper presents the results of a study on the out-of-plane seismic behavior of confined masonry walls. The former was determined using the unidirectional strut method and the latter using a plastic analysis. Analytical strengths of confined walls are determined using this method.

Simulation of masonry out‐of‐plane failure modes by multi‐body dynamics

Effectiveness of FRCM Reinforcement Applied to Masonry Walls Subject to – Out Of Plane Force Masonry



I realize this is possible to some extent due to the boundary conditions but what about the fact that in a masonry or concrete wall many times you cant actually develop the bars in this direction?

The region above an opening (for shear wall type forces) is a good example. Either a load bearing wall or shear wall (with our without openings) that is loaded entirely in plane. You’ve got a wall with openings loaded out of plane. The variables studied were the axial stress and the wall aspect ratio. For walls with the same axial stress, as the aspect ratio increases, the strength decreases. A sensitivity analysis of the strength is carried out considering different variables. The main variables that affect the strength are the wall aspect ratio, wall slenderness ratio, and the stiffness of the confining elements. Out-of-plane resistance of concrete masonry infilled panels. A free body diagram of an unreinforced masonry wall supported top andbottom, subjected to out-of-plane loading. Lam’s study is toolimited to generalize its conclusions.


Out-of-plane behaviour of confined masonry walls. Out-of-plane performance of reinforced masonry walls with openings. Note the hole in thebrick masonry, which reveals the concrete core of the wall. Once the detail report window is open, you will see a dialog area at the top. Printing topic for more information. For specialty loading conditions, you may need to create much smaller regions to get more accurate local load conditions. This value multiplied by d gives the depth to the neutral axis. P at the location of maximum shear. Mn is the out-of-plane moment capacity of the wall at the controlling location. The forces in the region are given on a per foot basis and are an average of the forces over the width of the region.

The gross steel ratio (rho gross) is calculated as the area of steel divided by the total area of the section. Shear failure: cracking starts with the development of fine vertical cracks at themaximum bending region. The first type is oriented at approximately 45o, and thesecond type occurs along bed joint, near the support, causing sliding of the wall at thatlocation.

The tensile strength of masonry is neglected. The wall can be assumed to behave under simply supported conditions (i.e.arching mechanism is not present). The arching mechanism must be considered in the quantification of the upgradedwall capacity to avoid overestimating the contribution of the strengthening. Figure 3 shows that the increase in the ultimate load for wallsstrengthened with 3 in. The resisting force for loading conditionsother than the uniform pressure can be derived from nq.

Out Of Plane Design Of Reinforced Masonry Bearing Walls