This paper presents the results of a study on the out-of-plane seismic behavior of confined masonry walls. The former was determined using the unidirectional strut method and the latter using a plastic analysis. Analytical strengths of confined walls are determined using this method. Simulation more...
We had lots of different contractors here and he actually helped them out on occasion. John installed my base trim, hung a door and install iron supports for a granite counter top to a masonry wall. He does great work and we will definitely be using him again. I couldn’t have asked for a more r more...
This chapter does not apply to the alteration of existing electrical, plumbing, mechanical or fire safety systems. In structural engineering, most problems can be modeled with one-dimensional line elements, or two-dimensional plate or shell elements, and result in reasonably accurate solutions. Make more...
Lime mortars should be used for masonry repointing as they let the walls breathe. Detailed photographs should be taken before work begins of any sections to be dismantled and rebuilt. Mortar used in the original construction of traditionally built rubble masonry will deteriorate over time and repo more...
How and when these sash cord sections were placed or embedded in the bed joint of mortar impacted whether they had any weeping capacity. What is really happening is a small amount of moisture is actually exiting the cavity through small voids in the bed joint of mortar at the 5 o’clock and 7 o more...
For more Building& Remodeling videos & Best Practices visit my blog at www.MattRisinger.com See Kristof’s Podcast here: …historic masonry – Historic Masonry Wall Construction It does not cost the contractor any more money to remove another 1/4 inch of material during prepa more...
The proper application of crack control measures, including control joints, can help ensure satisfactory performance of the wall. These products may be covered by patents, or patents pending. It assures that water will not wick into the interior of the building. However, these materials general more...
Masonry products not only look good – they perform. With a long life expectancy of over 100 years, masonry structures are durable. The high thermal mass of masonry assists with sound insulation to reduce noise and absorb noise impact. Are lighter than standard concrete masonry. Are suitable fo more...
When insulation is placed inside the masonry wall, the air barrier has to be permeable to allow moisture vapor to pass through it, he says. However, wall systems of brick masonry units and mortar joints can — and sometimes do — allow water penetration. A drainage-type wall requires an unobstru more...
This substance is known as efflorescence. It uses nanotechnology to form a barrier to help stop water infiltration. Test for loose, flaking concrete by pressing a piece of masking or cellophane tape at various places, then pull it off with an abrupt action. Silicate-based concrete sealers, also kno more...
The spatial resolution of the reflectometer is improved by the use of a pole extraction algorithm. On the other hand the orientation of mortar joints affects the fracture pattern of brickwork and causes different types of crack pattern in brickwork settings. Cracked plaster of an unreinforced maso more...
Iran during the last 40 years of the 20th century. All specimens were tested under constant gravity load and incrementally increasing in-plane loading cycles. In seismic oscillation, the instantaneous dynamic displacements of multiple positions on masonry walls can warn of crack development and more...
Studs are denser than the insulation and the cold travels through the studs and ignores the insulation. New requirements in energy codes may require that you use rigid insulation in the veneer drainage cavity when the structural backup is built of wood stud or steel stud. Brick has been used in r more...
Next, add one-piece, metal pan flashing to each step in the masonry. Here’s a photo of the same wall taken a few days later after the new limestone capstones were installed. Using the proper flashings is one of the most effective ways to ensure the integrity of masonry walls. When air enters th more...
Table 2 states the 16-inch spacing applies to nine-gauge wire with two wires (one wire per face shell of the block). Walls whose behavior is dominated by flexure, with reliable ductility and inelastic displacement capacity. The effect of different plan configurations of walls on their expected b more...
Different crack patterns and locations often tell us the cause of cracking and thus suggest what repair is needed. Has movement broken structural connections? Loaning institutions generally will not close a loan without repairs being done or scheduled. Our steel piers will provide your structure more...
The cement-aggregate ratio in concrete blocks is 1:6. So, it takes less time to construct concrete masonry than brick masonry. They are laid with their length parallel to the face of the wall. A typical mortar consists of 1 part cementitious material to 2 ¼ – 3 ½ parts sand by volume. www.yo more...
The development of the brick veneer process in the early 1900s allowed the look of brick masonry without the increased cost. The size, shape and color of the mortar joints in between the bricks also give masonry walls a unique appearance. Using the wrong products or repair methods on masonry walls more...
Unprotected windows may break if struck by flying debris. Failure of aluminum, screened-in enclosures can occur. The load tables list values based upon results from the most recent testing and may not reflect those in current code reports. Owners need to know how to upgrade historic buildings to more...
During construction of concrete masonry wall, causing it to expand. Joint reinforcing is generally terminated at a control joint, although chord-reinforcing steel at floors and roofs must continue through the control joints. Cap all dowels to allow 1” of movement. There is horizontal joint rei more...
In addition to nearly doubling the insulating characteristics of a masonry wall. Can be handled by masons just as easily as uninsulated blocks. Have no effect on the fire rating of conventional concrete block walls. Improve both the dewpoint and sound transmission resistance of ordinary concre more...
In such cases the weeps consist of small-diameter plastic, clay or metal pipes extending through the wall to a layer of porous backfill. Weep holes are also placed above windows to prevent dry rot of a wooden window frame. The other end of the rope is extended up into the cavity wall. The pro more...
Dwellings using wood-framed walls shall be braced in accordance with this section. Devise a method of adequately bracing structural masonry walls over 8 ft. Thousands of dollars of scaffolding is damaged, a forklift that was parked near the wall is totaled, pallets of material are obliterated an more...
Scope, application, and definitions applicable to this subpart. Requirements for equipment and tools. Bull float means a tool used to spread out and smooth concrete. They may be convenient and economical but one fall that results in a doctor visit will be more expensive than purchasing a manufactu more...